The machining industry continually adapts to market demands. There is always a demand for speed, capacity, accuracy, and a skilled workforce, as well as for reducing the involvement of human error. This is so for all industries and shop sizes. Modern technology calls for more complex parts, which is evident in several ways. New machines have been developed to address these needs, particularly 5-axis ones. 5-axis CNC machines employ the machining center's X, Y, Z, A, and B axes. This enables tools to get to a part's five sides without additional setups. To picture the 5-axis movement, hold an object in front of you. Place the tip of a pen touching the object but slightly away from it. Swing the object from side to side and up and down. Draw the pen up, down, side to side, in and out simultaneously. This demonstrates how 5-axis machines can move and work on parts. This article covers the core details of the working mechanism, pros and cons, and practical tips for maximizing the efficiency of 5-axe cnc machines.

 

1. How Does a 5-axis CNC Machine Work? 

A 5-axis CNC machine is a CNC(Computerized Numeric Control) machine that operates based on instructions given digital instructions. As the name implies, it can move or rotate the cutting tool and the workpiece in five axes, namely in the X, Y, Z, A, and B directions. These are the three linear movements in the X, Y, and Z directions and two rotary movements in the A and B directions. The machine accurately creates the intended parts and can produce intricate structures. Additionally, the 5-axis machines are expedited with (the GD&T call-out) system for creating datum components in a single operation. Also, this technology minimizes the number of setups and excessive manual labor requirements. Regarding the axis;

● The A-axis turns typically in the X-axis direction, allowing the tool to be angled.

● The B-axis rotates around the Y-axis to enable rotations on a vertical axis of the structure.

● In complex operations, the changes in the angle can be from -120 to 120 degrees.

● The Z-axis is used in the vertical plane movements and, therefore, controls the depth.

● This makes machine-complex 3D shapes and contours possible since the workpiece can move in all directions simultaneously.

 

However, 5-axis machines are applied in the aerospace, automotive, and medical industries. They assist in the creation of small tolerance parts down to +/-0.005’’. There are various steps for optimally operating 5-axis cnc machines.

1.1.Design Phase

The process starts with generating a virtual 3D model of the part. Engineers and designers employ computer-aided design software such as SolidWorks or Autodesk Inventor. The 3D model replicates the intended part with all the dimensions and characteristics on an absolute scale. CAD software is also helpful in visualizing the part before the actual production of the part is made. At this stage, the designer can make corrections and adjustments to the design. High precision of the 3D model is essential for further CNC machining. The completed model is then exported to a file format that other programs can process. This model is used as a guide to the actual machining process that is to be carried out on the workpiece.  

1.2.Conversion to G-Code

The 3D CAD model of the part is then transferred to CAM software. CAM software translates the 3D model into G-code. G-code is a set of instructions written in computer language that is used in machining. The code contains information on feed rate, speed, and tool path. G-code provides accurate and standard operations in machining processes. This step helps in closing the gap between the actual design and the physical implementation of the design. It is crucial to properly convert the model to G-code for the proper machining to be done on the model.  

1.3. G-Code Instructions

G-code determines the motion of the cutting tool along the X, Y, and Z directions. It also controls the movement of the worktable in the A and C directions. The CNC machine then implements these instructions to the letter. Every line in G-code is associated with a particular action or motion of the machine. The code also ensures the tool is properly functioning and is not jerky. In addition, it helps develop intricate forms and characteristics. The instructions are carried out one after the other. It is vital to program G-code correctly to get the right outcome.  

1.4. Machining Process

The CNC machine then begins to be machined according to the G-code fed into it. The cutting tool rotates along the planned paths to create the part. The worktable can be turned to enable access to the different sides of the part. This motion is achieved in parallel to guarantee the best results in terms of material elimination. The high precision of the machine characterizes the process throughout the process. Sensors and feedback systems supervise the machining operation. Corrections are made automatically to ensure the readings are as accurate as possible. The last part is made to precise measurements as intended by the designer.

2. How To Maximize The Effectiveness of 5-Axis CNC Machines?

Optimization of 5-axis machining is all about planning and the use of the most effective techniques. Here are key strategies to help you get the most out of your 5-axis machining operations:  

2.1. Gather Comprehensive Information

Gather as much information as possible to decide between the 3-axis- and 5-axis machining. Ensure that the data given to you by your customer is accurate. Look at the part carefully to determine whether it is necessary to conduct a pretest to achieve the required level of accuracy. Carry out a cost evaluation to determine which machining techniques are cheaper. This means that proper initial planning assists in formulating the right decisions.

2.2. Utilize Simulation Software

Ensure that simulation software is optimized to check processes before moving them from the CAD system to the machine. Simulation helps determine areas of interference that are not easily imaginable in 5-axis machining. The software can accurately control tool length, interference, and part size. Such a strategy saves a lot of money that would have been spent on rectifying the mistakes and guarantees efficiency.

2.3. Innovate Workholding Techniques

Revise your workholding strategy and use methods that reduce the number of setups and handling operations. More access to all sides of the part is achieved by innovative workholding solutions, which increases production output. Modern methods improve precision and the general quality of your products. Optimizing the work-holding process can increase productivity to a large extent.  

2.4. Optimize Tooling Choices

Choose tools that are made for 5-axis machining, especially for high-speed operations. The idea is to make the last step of the part as automatic as possible. Proper tools make work easier and produce quality finishes for the products being worked on. The use of special tools when carrying out machining operations can lead to a significant improvement in the results of your work.  

2.5. Implement Kinetic Analysis

After this, kinetic analysis will be performed to enhance the precision of each part. This analysis assists you in determining the orientation of the ends of the cutting tool relative to the axes’ rotation points. The kinetic analysis should be done before the precision applications for better results. It helps enhance the machining process and get the desired specifications.

2.6. Embrace Technological Advancements

The advancement in technology has seen the application of 5-axis machining increase. Machining equipment is selected based on the work to be done and the production goals set. Ensure that you work hand in hand with the clients to establish their expectations and determine the most suitable machine. Updating oneself with the current technology is vital in ensuring one is relevant in the market.

Accumulating all the necessary data, using the simulation programs, developing the new approach to workholding, selecting the most appropriate tools, and calculating the kinetic parameters are the steps that should be taken. Adopting technological solutions and appreciating the client's needs help in providing quality services all the time.

 

3. 5-Axis Trunnion Vs. Swivel: Difference In CNC Configurations & Operation Styles

Let’s evaluate the distinctions between these two styles;

3.1. Trunnion Style:

Trunnion-style 5-axis cnc machines work with the A axis rotating around the X axis and the C axis rotating around the Z axis. This arrangement enables the machine head to be fixed while the table translates to cater to the rotary axes. It performs well in capacity and throughput, in the ability to depolarize without moving the head of the machine, and in undercutting that is required for intricate shapes of the part.  

3.2. Swivel Rotate Style:

In contrast, the Swivel Rotate style entails the B-axis swiveling around the Y-axis and the C-axis swiveling around the Z-axis. During the machining process, the table remains horizontal. This setup helps machine significant parts and uses short tools to increase the machining rate.

 

4. Different Types Of 5-Axis CNC Machines

The 5-axis CNC machines are appropriate in processes that require speed and optimization of the operations. These machines are of many types, and the position of the rotary axes mainly determines the type.  

4.1. Head/Head Configuration

In this 5-axis CNC machine type, the rotary axes are contained in the head of the machine. This design reduces the chances of the tools coming into contact with the spindle head of the machine since the 5-axis configuration is done on another table. The machining process involves the apex moving in a rotational or translational manner while the table is fixed to support the workpiece.

Head/Head CNC machines are very efficient in producing large parts because they can move about a specific item during the operation. However, this design may have limitations regarding the range along the rotary axes.  

4.2. Table/Head Configuration

The Table/Head configuration, on the other hand, has rotary axes located on the head and the table. The head has one rotary axis, and because of the component position, it has minimal movement. However, the rotary axis on the table is freely rotated in any direction, which makes it easier to carry out the type of operations on the material.

The other advantage of the Table/Head setup is that there is always a circulation of parts; therefore, problems such as chatters are less likely to happen. Nevertheless, there is a limitation of the rotary axis on the table, which limits the kind of parts that can be manufactured efficiently.

These configurations aim to meet various requirements in the manufacturing sector to provide the optimal solution for the accurate and effective execution of machining tasks.

 

5. Advantages of 5-axis CNC Machining  

5-axis CNC machining offers several advantages that make it indispensable in modern manufacturing. Here are some advantages of 5-axis CNC machining that place it among the essential technologies in the contemporary manufacturing industry:

1. Streamlined Setup and Operation: This differs from conventional machining techniques, which require multiple sets to manufacture a single part; 5-axis CNC machining can work on five faces of the workpiece simultaneously. This reduces the time taken to set up and allows the creation of complex shapes all at once.

2. Versatility in Complex Shapes: 5-axis machining has extra axes; with these axes, the machine can get to positions and planes that lesser axes cannot access. This capability is beneficial in industries where the part's geometry is very complicated.

3. Enhanced Accuracy and Consistency: Because there are a few points where manual adjustments and setups can be made, the 5-axis CNC machines will likely go right in the machining process. This leads to the generation of parts of the same quality and dimensions for the subsequent manufacturing operations.

4. Efficient Material Removal: This is because it is possible to have maximum tool utilization throughout the machining process, resulting in high cutting speeds and material removal rates. Such efficiency is reflected in such parameters as cycle time and manufacturing cost.

5. Superior Surface Finishes: Thus, because the workpiece is always well positioned about the cutting tool, 5-axis machining provides better surface finishes. This means that no other finishing processes need to be done, which cuts down on costs and time.

6. Cost-effectiveness and Productivity: 5-axis CNC machining may be expensive at the initial stages, but in the long run, it is cheaper since set-up time is eliminated, tools have longer cycle time, and little or no scrap. It also increases the total production because it can simultaneously make a part in several stages.

 

6. Disadvantages of 5-axis CNC Machining

Similarly, like other manufacturing techniques, 5-axis CNC machining has its advantages.

1. High Initial Investment: The initial setup is costly to acquire a 5-axis CNC machine and educate the personnel on how to use the machine. However, for other machining technologies, the hardware, software, and training costs could be higher in the initial stage.

2. Complex Programming Requirements: As observed, working on a 5-axis CNC machine means working in space dimensions and tools to be followed. Thus, it is necessary to define the space dimensions and paths of the tools. For better outcomes, one should have adequate knowledge of CAD/CAM software and the functioning of the machines.

3. Skilled Labor Requirement: However, it should be noted that the work with a 5-axis CNC machine is carried out by qualified personnel. The process of acquiring and managing competent staff may sometimes be a challenge, hence high operating costs.

4. Machine Utilization Challenges: To get the best of it, one must be very familiar with all the axes of a 5-axis CNC machine. This may result in the machine's non-provision of training or programming; therefore, the machine may be underutilized.

5. Maintenance and Service Needs: It should also be noted that due to the axes that are mounted on the 5-axis CNC machines, they may be more prone to wearing off and thus may need frequent servicing and adjustment. This is under operating expenses and time that could have been used in production if the management of the material was efficient.

6. Adaptation to Specific Applications: However, one has to note that 5-axis machining is typically effective; however, it cannot be used for all types of parts or materials. Some geometries or material properties may be complex to machine conventionally for the following reasons.  

What Types of Parts Can be Machined By a 5-axis Machining Center?  

5-axis CNC machining is applied chiefly where it is necessary to get complex shapes and contours for the part. Some of the components that are good to be machined using 5-axis machining include the following:

Special-Shaped Parts 

The equal force cannot be applied in the machining of concave parts with complex geometry, such as points, surfaces, and lines, through conventional processes. However, 5-axis machining makes this more accessible and precise by using multi-station points, making it easy to cut such shapes.  

Box Type Parts

Conventional machining practices are very demanding when it comes to machining box-shaped parts because of the multiple clamping and alignment. The 5-axis machine can operate on several planes simultaneously, which is beneficial when creating these box-type components.

Disc Parts

5-axis CNC machining is perfect for parts used in UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles). It is particularly suitable for the processing of plate parts, especially for the end-face or radial distribution holes. It is also ideal for making motor covers. The position of the holes in the machine determines whether a horizontal or a vertical machining center will be used.

Complex Surface Parts

Automotive, marine, and energy industries need parts with a surface finish that cannot be achieved by ordinary cnc machines. 5-axis machining is applied in the production of such parts as spherical ones, turbine engine blades, marine propellers, and impellers. This is made possible by the multiple axes of the machine that enable the making of such surfaces.  

 

7. Get Precision Engineering Solutions From CNC Yangsen

CNCYangsen offers high-quality 5-axis CNC machining services to the aerospace, medical, and electronics industries. We can machine various materials like titanium alloy, aerospace aluminum, stainless steel, and engineering plastic because of the technological advancement in our production line and the professional team. We use modern technology and quality assurance measures that conform to the ISO 9001 standards to avoid this.  

 

8. FAQ

Q1. How does five-axis CNC machining help in enhancing the accuracy of the part?

These systems control the machining parameters in real time, and the degree of variability is as low as ±0—005 mm for linear dimensions and ±0.1 degrees for the angular features.

Q2. What types of material can be machined with the help of 5-axis CNC technology?

Our specializations are in high-strength materials like titanium and Inconel, aluminum alloys, stainless steel, and other engineering-grade plastics like ABS, PLA, Nylon, and Delrin.

Q3. What surface finish options are available at Yangsen?

Due to advanced tooling and machining technologies, CNCYangsen can provide surface finishes of Ra 0.4 µm (16 µin). This capability is handy in applications with high resolution and low post-processing levels.

Q4. How does CNCYangsen ensure quality in 5-axis CNC machining?

At CNCYangsen, quality control is a process where the product is checked at some point in the machining process. We also use other modern measuring instruments, such as CMMs, to check the measurements of the parts and ensure that they meet the required standards. This commitment to quality is well illustrated from when a product is designed to its inspection time before it is taken to the market.  

 

                                           Aluminum Extrusion press for prestressed composite frames

A solid extruder structure is a prerequisite for ensuring the performance of the extruder. After being used for a period of time, many Aluminum extrusion machine become loose, the interfaces age, and the cylinders bend, resulting in deformation and unstable quality during the aluminum extrusion production process. In fact, the main reason is that the extruder as a whole is not strong enough.

The stress during the operation of the extruder is very large, and our extruders mostly adopt a prestressed composite frame structure, which is composed of a high-thickness integral front beam, a high-thickness rear beam, and a square prestressed sleeve to form a closed The prestressed composite frame uses a special hydraulic preloading tool to apply an overpressure tensile load to the entire length of the tie rod, and at the same time applies compressive stress to the pressure sleeve, so that the entire frame is in a stress pretightened state, and the tension column prestress is 115% of the maximum load. above. For example, our 7500-ton hydraulic extrusion press has a front beam thickness of 1950mm made of ZG35Mn, a rear beam thickness of 1800mm (material ZG35Mn), and a square pre-applied sleeve (material ZG35). It can make it bear force better, which is also an important reason for the long service life of the extrusion machine.

 

Other advantages of prestressed composite frames

1. The center distance of the four stressed tie rods of the frame is symmetrical to the center of the press, so that the entire frame is stressed evenly. The main reason why the quality of aluminum materials produced is stable or unstable is whether the force is uniform. Only by maintaining uniform force can the overall density of the aluminum material be uniform, thereby improving the accuracy of extruded products.

 

2. The prestressed composite frame frame has a larger bending section, which makes the frame elongation and bending deformation smaller under the action of extrusion force. Therefore, the extrusion beam and the lower part of the extrusion tube can be fixed on the lower frame. The horizontal and vertical guide rails are very convenient for centering adjustment between the extrusion beam, extrusion barrel and mold. The upper frame can be used as an X-shaped moving guide rail for the extrusion barrel. On the premise of ensuring the stability of the machinery, the available space is used to reduce the space occupancy of the machinery.

 

3. There are two sets of elastic anchoring devices and foundation anchors on the lower part of the rear beam to make the rear beam fixed reliably.

 

After many years of production experience and continuous improvement based on customer feedback, our extrusion press is currently one of the most stable extruders on the Chinese market and one of the longest-lasting Aluminum extrusion machine.

 

 

Extrusion oil and cutting fluids are essential components in the aluminum extrusion machine and deep processing of aluminum profiles. With the increasing demand for high-precision metal processing in the manufacturing industry, metalworking fluids are evolving towards being more environmentally friendly, of higher quality, and technologically advanced. For aluminum extrusion machines, which are large-scale equipment, the comprehensive performance requirements of hydraulic oil are very stringent. Poor-quality hydraulic oil can disrupt normal equipment operation, leading to production line stoppages and significantly impacting the economic benefits of the entire workshop.

 

Just as engine oil is crucial to the functioning of a car, hydraulic oil is vital to the machinery. It is imperative to further reduce the friction coefficient of hydraulic oil, which will enhance the efficiency and stability of the extrusion press.

 

Our aluminum extrusion machines have very stringent requirements regarding hydraulic oil and hydraulic systems. We use the most advanced hydraulic oil and systems in the industry. The pump station of the extrusion machine features an integrated design, centrally located at the rear bottom of the machine's oil tank. The system uses imported German Rexroth (Bosch Rexroth) electro-hydraulic proportional control axial piston variable pumps and a domestic stainless steel plate-type circulating filtration cooling system. The pipeline system is designed with necessary buffering and anti-vibration measures, such as buffer pads, flexible hoses, or vibration absorbers, and employs flexible rubber joints to absorb vibrations.

 

Isolation control valves are designed between the oil pump groups to ensure that when two mechanisms need to operate simultaneously according to the program, they do not interfere with each other. The system can achieve pump isolation, no-load start, pressure regulation, and overload protection functions. The pump head electro-hydraulic proportional valve and electronic control device are imported with the main pump and connected to the main control computer of the aluminum extruder, allowing for integrated control.

 

As one of the most critical components of the Aluminum extrusion machine, Huananmachine ensure the highest quality standards for our hydraulic oil system. This rigorous quality assurance is a key reason we confidently guarantee the quality to our customers.

You may be curious about how aluminum is made. From aluminum bars to the aluminum we commonly see, it has to go through a variety of processes and is made by a variety of equipment. Below we will introduce several of the most common aluminum production machinery and equipment.

1, Automatic Multi- Billet Hot Shears Furnace. The original aluminum billet is several meters long, which requires the aluminum billet to be cut and heated before the heated aluminum billett can be extruded. Automatic multi aluminum billet hot shears furnace is the newest production equipment which combine heating engineering ,mechanism ,automatic control system , hydraulic , photoelectric and thermometry in one .It is consist of aluminum bar feeding drive transport rack ,furnace ,hot shears, electricity control system and so on .

 

 

2, Aluminum extrusion machine. This is a machine that makes aluminum billet into basic aluminum Profile materials. The heated aluminum bar (the length of the aluminum bar is less than half a meter) is squeezed by strong hydraulic pressure. When the aluminum billet is squeezed by the extrusion pressure and passes through the small hole of the mold, the basic aluminum material can be formed.

 

3, Infrared Die Heating Furnace. Before placing the die into the aluminum extruder, the die needs to be heated. Infrared die heating furnace use iron aluminum alloy wire ,features: high efficiency and energy saving. There installed infrared radiation plate behind of the iron aluminium alloy wire which can reflect heat back to the furnace effectively , radiation plate, iron aluminum alloy wire composed of a set of infrared heater, the heating way is first radiate the heating energy in form of electromagnetic energy to the furnace hearth,then the mold absorb the electromagnetic energy and converted into heat energy.

 

 

4, Automatic Double Puller (Three Heads).This machine is used to extrusion profile traction and cutting operation. The aluminum coming out of the aluminum extruder needs to be pulled and cut to length and placed.The profile is led out of the mold cavity straightly and cooled under tension, preventing the profile from being uneven in length, hanging, or twisting, thereby improving the quality of the aluminum material.

 

 

5,Handling Table Production Line. The main function is to place and cool the aluminum. The temperature of the aluminum coming out of the extruder is relatively high and needs to be cooled naturally before the next step of processing.

 

 

6, Aluminium Profile Double Doors Ageing Furnace. Aluminum profile ageing furnace is the equipment in the process of aluminum profile heat treatment. The extruded aluminum profile needs aging heat treatment before it undering electrophoretic polishing and oxidation surface treatment technology. Aging of aluminum profile is one of the key processes of heat treatment. The heating rate and the uniformity of furnace temperature are strictly required in this process, and the aging temperature of the process is mostly (210 ±5) ℃.

 

 

In addition to the above important aluminum production equipment, there are some frequently used equipment, such as: Nitriding Furnace, Film Laminating Machine, Wrapping Machine, Hot top Casting table. 

What to Consider When Purchasing an Extrusion Machine

Many customers are purchasing an Aluminum Extrusion Machine for the first time and may not know what type of machine they should buy or what preparations need to be made.

Before purchasing an aluminum extrusion machine, it is important to know the size of the aluminum profiles you intend to produce. Different sizes require different types of extrusion machines. For example, if you are planning to produce standard window and door profiles, an extrusion machine with a capacity of 1100 to 1500 tons should suffice.

It's assumed that you have already prepared a floor plan for your factory before purchasing the extrusion machine. If you are setting up a new factory, it's even better. Our engineers can assist in planning the layout of the factory, including where to place the extrusion machine, the cutting machine, and other related equipment. It's advisable to follow the engineers' recommendations, as they have years of experience in planning and can help you make the most efficient use of your factory space.

The time from placing an order to the completion of the product usually ranges from 3 to 8 months, depending on the size of the extrusion machine. The larger the machine, the more time it will take to produce. Shipping from the factory to the customer’s location typically takes about a month, and the number of containers required for transportation, which ranges from 1 to 3, depends on the size of the machine.

Some customers may worry about the installation and after-sales service of the product. There is no need to worry about this. Our factory will send two workers to the customer’s location to install the machine, even for overseas customers. The installation process usually takes about a month, during which the customer’s factory staff will need to cooperate with our workers to complete the installation. We will ensure that the machine operates smoothly.

Therefore, the time required from placing the order to the machine’s normal operation typically ranges from 5 to 10 months. Customers can use this timeline as a reference to plan their schedules, prepare for the purchase of aluminum production machinery, and minimize any potential time wastage. Huananmachine is a professional aluminum extrusion machine manufacturer,get more details from us quickly!

The turntable filling machine is an essential and ideal packaging equipment for industries such as food and medicine, such as spices, rice, chocolate chips, candied fruits, and other particulate matter.

This machine is mainly suitable for filling and packaging various PET plastics, tin, aluminum, and paper cans, with a filling speed of up to 30-50 cans per minute. In daily life, there are always many foods that need to be filled manually, and the accuracy of manual filling is not high, resulting in problems such as substandard weight, low accuracy, and slow efficiency. If your company fills various products in bulk, please try this turntable filling machine!

Taking nuts as an example, manual filling is slow and prone to substandard weight, resulting in broken nuts that cannot meet the requirements of large-scale production. The turntable filling machine equip the buffering devices based on the characteristics of nuts to avoid any anomalies, and uses a computer control system to set the filling weight, resulting in high filling accuracy, greatly saving manpower, ensuring filling speed, and improving production efficiency.

With the increasing demand for food health and quality, the application of turntable filling machine will become more and more widespread. Utrustpack has always been committed to research and innovation in the field of food can packaging, adhering to the concept of "beyond needs, we aspire for deeds", and continuously discovering and outputting higher quality can packaging solutions for customers.

It is a good day--22th Jan!

Our UK customer came to visit our factory and order our Semi-automatic can seamer for paper cans. Once our customer pick up the finished paper cans sample, they give high praise on our cans seaming machine. The paper can samples all go through the sealing test with high leak proof performance.

How the manual can sealer seal the paper cans:

During the can sealing process, the sealer chuck head holds the can when the rollers rotate around it. At first, the 1st operation roller folds the lid and then the 2nd operation rollers tightens the resulting seam.

What will affect shape of the seam?

It is determined by the shape of 1st operation roller, 2nd operation roller, the rollers relative positions and distances, lifter height, lifter pressure.

We will tailor made the tin can sealing machine according to your cans and request, for more information, contact us please!