Solar Module EVA Film Introduction 1

In order to improve the power generation efficiency of solar cell modules, provide protection against the loss caused by environmental climate change, and ensure the service life of solar modules, EVA plays a very important role. EVA is non-adhesive and anti-adhesive at room temperature. After hot pressing under certain conditions during the solar cell packaging process, EVA will produce melt bonding and adhesive curing. The cured EVA film becomes completely transparent and has quite high light transmittance. The cured EVA can withstand atmospheric changes and has elasticity. The solar cell wafer is wrapped and bonded with the upper glass and lower TPT by vacuum lamination technology.

Basic functions of EVA film:

1. Secure the solar Cell and connecting circuit wires to provide cell insulation protection

2. Perform optical coupling

3. Provide moderate mechanical strength

4. Provide a heat transfer pathway

EVA Main features:

1. Heat resistance, low temperature resistance, moisture resistance and weather resistance

2. Good followability to metal glass and plastic

3. Flexibility & Elasticity

4. High light transmission

5. Impact resistance

6. Low temperature winding

Thermal conductivity of solar cell related materials: (K value of thermal conductivity at 27 ° C (300'K))

Description: EVA is used for the combination of solar cells as a follow-up agent, because of its strong follow-up ability, softness and elongation, it is suitable for joining two different expansion coefficient materials.

Aluminum: 229 ~ 237 W/(m·K)

Coated aluminum alloy: 144 W/(m·K)

Silicon wafer: 80 ~ 148 W/(m·K)

Glass: 0.76 ~ 1.38 W/(m·K)

EVA: 0.35W /(m·K)

TPT: 0.614 W/(m·K)

EVA appearance inspection: no crease, no stain, smooth, translucent, no stain edge, clear embossing

EVA material performance parameters:

Melting index: affects the enrichment rate of EVA

Softening point: The temperature point at which EVA begins to soften

Transmittance: There are different transmittance for different spectral distributions, which mainly refers to the transmittance under the spectral distribution of AM1.5

Density: density after bonding

Specific heat: the specific heat after bonding, reflecting the size of the temperature increase value when the EVA after bonding absorbs the same heat

Thermal conductivity: thermal conductivity after bonding, reflecting the thermal conductivity of EVA after bonding

Glass transition temperature: reflects the low temperature resistance of EVA

Breaking tension strength: The breaking tension strength of EVA after bonding reflects the mechanical strength of EVA after bonding

Elongation at break: the elongation at break at EVA after bonding reflects the tension of EVA after bonding

Water absorption: It directly affects the sealing performance of battery cells

Binding rate: The binding rate of EVA directly affects his impermeability

Peel strength: reflects the bond strength between EVA and peel

EVA reliability test purpose: to confirm the weather resistance, light transmission, bonding force, ability to absorb deformation, ability to absorb physical impact, damage rate of pressing process of EVA... Let's wait.

EVA aging test equipment and projects: constant temperature and humidity test chamber (high temperature, low temperature, high temperature and high humidity), high and low temperature chamber (temperature cycle), ultraviolet testing machine (UV)

VA Model 2: Glass /EVA/ conductive copper sheet /EVA/ glass composite

Description: Through the on-resistance electrical measurement system, the low resistance in EVA is measured. Through the change of the on-resistance value during the test, the water and gas penetration of EVA is determined, and the oxidation corrosion of copper sheet is observed.

After three tests of temperature cycle, wet freezing and wet heat, the characteristics of EVA and Backsheet change:

(↑ : up, ↓ : down)

After three tests of temperature cycle, wet freezing and wet heat, the characteristics of EVA and Backsheet change:

(↑ : up, ↓ : down)

EVA：	Backsheet：
Yellow↑	Inner layer yellow ↑
Cracking ↑	Cracks in the inner layer and PET layer ↑
Atomization ↑	Reflectivity ↓
Transparency ↓

 

 

Solar Module EVA Film Introduction 2

EVA-UV test:

Description: Test the attenuation ability of EVA to withstand ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, after a long time of UV irradiation, EVA film will appear brown, penetration rate decreased... And so on.

EVA environmental test project and test conditions:

Humid heat: 85℃ / RH 85%; 1,000 hrs

Thermal cycle: -40℃ ~ 85℃; 50 cycles

Wet freezing test: -40℃ ~ 85℃ / RH 85%; 10 times UV: 280~385nm/ 1000w/200hrs (no cracking and no discoloration)

EVA Test Conditions (NREL) :

High temperature test: 95℃ ~ 105℃/1000h

Humidity and heat: 85℃/85%R.H./>1000h[1500h]

Temperature cycle: -40℃←→85℃/>200Cycles 

(No bubbles, no cracking, no desticking, no discoloration, no thermal expansion and contraction)

UV aging: 0.72W/m2, 1000 hrs, 60℃(no cracking, no discoloration) Outdoor: > California sunshine for 6 months

Example of EVA characteristics change under Damp heat test:

Discoloration, atomization, Browning, delamination

Comparison of EVA bond strength at high temperature and humidity:

Description: EVA film at 65℃/85%R.H and 85℃/85%R.H. The degradation of the bond strength was compared at 65℃/85%R.H under two different wet and hot conditions. After 5000 hours of testing, the degradation benefit is not high, but EVA at 85℃/85%R.H. In the test environment, the adhesion is quickly lost, and there is a significant reduction in bond strength in 250 hours.

EVA-HAST unsaturated pressurized vapor test:

Objective: Since EVA film needs to be tested for more than 1000 hours at 85℃/85%R.H., which is equal to at least 42 days, in order to shorten the test time and accelerate the test speed, it is necessary to increase the environmental stress (temperature & humidity & pressure) and speed up the test process in the environment of unsaturated humidity (85%R.H.).

Test conditions: 110℃/85%R.H./264h

EVA-PCT pressure digester test:

Objective: The PCT test of EVA is to increase the environmental stress (temperature & humidity) and expose EVA to wetting vapor pressure exceeding one atmosphere, which is used to evaluate the sealing effect of EVA and the moisture absorption status of EVA.

Test condition: 121℃/100%R.H.

Test time: 80h(COVEME) / 200h(toyal Solar)

EVA and CELL bond tensile force test:

EVA: 3 ~ 6Mpa Non-EVA material: 15Mpa

Additional information from EVA:

1. The water absorption of EVA will directly affect its sealing performance of the battery

2.WVTR < 1×10-6g/m2/day(NREL recommended PV WVTR)

3. The adhesive degree of EVA directly affects its impermeability. It is recommended that the adhesive degree of EVA and cell should be greater than 60%

4. When the bonding degree reaches more than 60%, thermal expansion and contraction will no longer occur

5. The bonding degree of EVA directly affects the performance and service life of the component

6. Unmodified EVA has low cohesion strength and is prone to thermal expansion and contraction leading to chip fragmentation

7.EVA peeling strength: longitudinal ≧20N/cm, horizontal ≧20N/cm

8. The initial light transmittance of the packaging film is not less than 90%, and the internal decline rate of 30 years is not less than 5%

 

 

 

 

 

Working Principle of UV Weathering Test Chamber

Uv weathering test chamber is a kind of experimental equipment specially used to test the durability and stability of materials and products under ultraviolet radiation. Its working principle revolves around mimicking UV radiation conditions in the natural environment to assess how materials behave when exposed to sunlight for long periods of time. The chamber is equipped with a series of high-intensity ultraviolet light sources that effectively emit ultraviolet light in a specific wavelength range, mimicking the UV-A and UV-B bands of natural sunlight.

During the test, the sample is placed in the test chamber, and ultraviolet radiation will cause changes in the chemical structure of the surface of the material, such as color fading, strength reduction and brittleness increase. At the same time, the test chamber can also be combined with environmental factors such as temperature and humidity for a more comprehensive evaluation of the sample. For example, the humidity control system in the laboratory can simulate the effects of rain and moisture, while the temperature control equipment can reproduce extreme hot or cold conditions.

By exposing the samples to multiple rounds of ultraviolet radiation at different time periods, researchers were able to collect a large amount of experimental data and analyze the aging resistance and service life of the samples in depth. These data play a vital role in material development, product quality control and market demand analysis. In addition, the use of UV weathering test chambers also helps companies anticipate possible performance problems before the launch of new products, so as to make timely adjustments and improvements.

Such tests are not only applicable to plastics, coatings, fibers and other materials, but also widely used in various industries such as automobiles, construction fields and even electronic products. By studying the performance of products in different climatic conditions, companies can improve the competitiveness of their products in the market, but also contribute to the environmental cause, because good weather resistance products usually mean a longer life cycle and less material waste.

In short, UV weathering test chambers play a key role in materials science and product development, not only allowing developers to better grasp material properties, but also for consumers to bring higher quality and more durable products. In the future development of science and technology, with the continuous progress of ultraviolet weathering test technology, we may be able to witness the birth of more new materials and new products, adding more convenience and beauty to our lives.