Acrylic, known as "Orlon" in the United States and "Acrilan" or "Cashmilon" in other countries, it is the commercial name for polyacrylonitrile in China. It's one of three major types of synthetic fiber, ranking third in production after polyester and nylon. Soft, lightweight, warm, corrosion-resistant, and lightfast short fiber similar to wool, with lower density than wool, earning its nickname "artificial wool."

 

PERFORMANCE OF ACRYLIC

Form

The form varies with solvent and spinning method. The longitudinal surface of acrylic fiber has a few grooves. Fibers spun by the dry method have a dumbbell-shaped cross-section, while those spun by the wet method (using NaSCN as the solvent) are round.

 

Strength, Elongation,Elasticity

Acrylic fiber is fluffy, curly, and soft with good elasticity. However, it has large residual deformation after multiple stretches, making the cuffs and collars which is knitted or woven by arcylic prone to deformation.

Compared to wool:

• more than 10% lighter but more than twice as strong.
•  resilience is approximately equal to wool when stretched slightly.
•  Wool's resilience exceeds acrylic during wear.

 

Moisture Absorption and Dyeability

Due to its tight structure, acrylic fiber has low moisture absorption, with moisture regain of about 1.2-2.0% under normal atmospheric conditions. Its dyeability is poor but improves with the introduction of second and third monomers.

 

Thermal Conductivity and Heat Resilience

Heat Resilience:Rapidly cooling fiber under tension condition, fixing it with large internal stress, fiber is latent shrinkage when exposed to heat, that is heat resilience.

High-Shrinkage Acrylic Fiber:Fibers forced to stretch thermally under external force and possess heat elasticity.

 

Acid and Alkali Resistance

Acrylic fiber is acid-resistant but relatively sensitive to alkalis.

Lightfastness

Acrylic fiber excels in lightfastness and weather resistance, ranking best among common textile fibers. After one year of outdoor exposure, its strength decreases by only 5%, and its resistance to sunlight is twice that of wool and ten times that of cotton. Therefore, acrylic fiber is ideal for outdoor fabrics.

 

Other Properties

Acrylic has good heat resistance, with ironing temperature of 130-140°C. It with mold-resistant and insect-proof, but it has poor wear resistance and dimensional stability. Acrylic with relatively low density.

 

 

ACRYLIC FABRIC

100% Acrylic Fabric

Made entirely of acrylic fiber. For example, worsted acrylic women's suit fabric made of 100% wool-type acrylic fiber has loose structure, vibrant color, soft and elastic handfeel, and texture that is neither loose nor worn out, suitable for making mid-to-low-end women's clothing. Using 100% acrylic bulk yarn as raw material, plain or twill acrylic bulk coat fabric can be produced, featuring full handfeel and the characteristics of a wool-like fabric that is warm and lightweight, suitable for making coats, casual wear, etc., for spring, autumn, and winter.

Note: if dyeing high bulky acrylic hank yarn need use cabinet hank yarn dyeing machine; if dyeing solid acrylic hank yarn can use normal temperature hank yarn spray dyeing machine

 

Acrylic Blended Fabric

Fabric blended with wool-type or medium-staple acrylic fiber and viscose or polyester. It includes acrylic/viscose gabardine, acrylic/viscose women's suit fabric and acrylic/polyester tweed. Acrylic/viscose gabardine, also known as Oriental gabardine, is a 50/50 blend of acrylic and viscose, featuring thick and tight fabric body, durability, smooth and soft surface similar to wool gabardine, but with poor elasticity and easy wrinkling, suitable for making inexpensive pants. Acrylic/viscose women's suit fabric is an 85/15 blend of acrylic and viscose, often woven in crepe weave, with slightly hairy surface, vibrant color, lightweight, good durability and poor resilience, suitable for making outerwear. Acrylic/polyester tweed is 40/60 blend of acrylic and polyester, processed in plain or twill weaves, featuring flat and stiff appearance, durability and wrinkle resistance, but poor comfort, making it suitable for making mid-range outerwear and suits.

 

 

Fibre soft and slender substance with length to diameter ratio at least 10:1,  the cross-sectional area less than 0.05mm2. For textile fibers, the ratio of length to diameter is generally greater than 1000:1. 

About textile fibers: Natural fiber, such as cotton, hemp, wool, silk and so on; Chemical fiber refers to natural or synthetic polymers as raw materials, through chemical methods and mechanical processing made as fiber.

 

1) According to the source of raw material: Regenerated fibre and Synthetic fibres

• Regenerated fibre also be called as synthetic fiber, using natural polymers or lost textile processing value of fiber raw materials through a series of chemical treatment and mechanical processing be fiber again, the chemical composition of the fiber and original polymer is alomost same. Including Regenerated cellulose fibre (such as viscose fiber, copper ammonia fiber), Regenerated protein fiber  (such as soy protein fiber, peanut protein fiber), regenerated inorganic fiber (such as glass fiber, metal fiber)  and regenerated organic fiber (such as chitin fiber, seaweed gum fiber).
• Synthetic fiber is made of natural low molecular compounds such as petroleum, coal, limestone, natural gas, salt, air, water and some agricultural and sideline products as raw materials, through chemical synthesis and processing be fibers. There are seven common types of synthetic fibers: polyester fiber (polyester), polyamide fiber (nylon), polyacrylonitrile fiber (acrylic fiber), polyvinyl formaldehyde fiber (vinylon), polypropylene fiber (polypropylene), polyvinyl chloride fiber (chlorinated fiber) and polyurethane elastic fiber (spandex), etc. 

   

   

  2) Classification by morphological structure: Continuous filament and Staple fibre

  • Continuous filament 

    During chemical fiber manufacturing process, spinning fluid (fusant or melt) after spinning forming and post-processing, the length of fiber is caiculated in kilometers is called chemical fiber filament. Chemical fiber filaments can be divided into monofil, multifilaments, twisted fibers, double twisted fibers, cord fibers and Textured filament.

    Monofilament: A single continuous fiber of very long length.

    Multifilaments: A filament composed of two or more single filaments joined together. Complex filaments of chemical fibers are generally composed of 8 to 100 single fibers.

    Twist yarn: twist Multifilaments  becomes twist yarn.

    Double twist yarn: Two or more strands of twist yarn are combined to be double twist yarn.

    Cord wire: composed of more than one hundred to several hundred single fibers, used to make tire cord fabric.

    Textured filament yarn: The chemical fiber filament is deformed and processed so that it has the appearance characteristics of curling, spiral, ring and so on, showing fluffy and flexible filament.

    • Staple fibre

      The product of the chemical fiber is cut into few centimeters to dozen centimeters in length, it is called staple fiber. According to the different cut length, staple fibers can be divided into cotton type, wool type and medium long staple fibers.

      The length of Cotton type fibre is 30 ~ 40mm, the linear density is about 1.67dtex, the fiber is fine, similar to cotton. The length of Wool type fibre is 70 ~ 150mm, the linear density is 3.3 ~ 7.7dtex, the fiber is thicker, similar to wool; Mid fibre has a length of 51 ~ 65mm and a linear density of 2.2 ~ 3.3dtex, between cotton type and wool type.

       

      3)  Classification by fiber manufacturing method

      Chemical fibers can be divided into two categories according to the basic manufacturing methods,  melt spinning fibers and solution spinning fibers (i.e. dry spinning fibers and wet spinning fibers).

      • Melt spinning is polymer melt is pressed out of the spinneret hole, melt is solidified into silk in the surrounding air (or water).
      • Dry-spinning is polymer concentrated solution is pressed out from the spinneret hole form as trickle, solvent evaporates rapidly in hot medium and solidifies into silk. 
      • Wet spinning is polymer concentrated solution is pressed out of the spinneret hole and solidified into silk in a coagulation bath.

         

        4) Classification by composition within a single fiber

        • Single-component fibers: Fibers composed of the same polymer are called single-component fibers, and most conventional fibers are single-component fibers, such as polyester.
        • Multicomponent fibers:Fibers composed of two or more polymers are called multicomponent fibers, such as acrylic fibers. 
        • Composite fiber:the components are arranged regularly along the fiber axis and form a continuous interface fiber.
        • Blended fiber: components are randomly dispersed or more evenly mixed fiber

           

          5) Classification by fiber difference

          • Differential fibre: chemical fiber that has undergone chemical or physical changes to differentiate it from conventional fibers. Such as profiled fiber, composite fiber, microfiber, easily dyed fiber, flame retardant fiber, hydrophilic synthetic fiber, colored fiber and anti-pilling fiber.
          • Functional fibre: except existing properties of the fiber, attach some special functions. Such as conductive fiber, optical fiber, ion exchange fiber, ceramic particle fiber, temperature control fiber, radiation fiber, bioactive fiber, biodegradable fiber, can produce negative ion fiber, antibacterial and deodorizing fiber.
          • High-performance fibre: special fibers with a strength of 17.7cNhttps://www.yarnfabricdyemachine.comdtex and a modulus of 441.5cNhttps://www.yarnfabricdyemachine.comdtex. Such as carbon fiber, aromatic polyamide fiber, polybenzimidazole fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fiber and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber.

             

            Whether it is natural fiber or chemical fiber products: Hank yarn, package yarn, fabric, top, loose fiber etc., Wuxi Shin Tong Yunn Machinery can provide  corresponding dyeing equipment(hank yarn dyeing machine, cone yarn dyeing machine, fabric dyeing machine, garment dyeing machine etc.) and finishing equipment(yarn extractorhttps://www.yarnfabricdyemachine.comfabric dehydrator, yarn dryeing machine, fabric drying machine etc.), welcome to visit our factory and website.